Dermal drug delivery via bilosomes: a synergistic integration for better therapeutic outcomes

The dermal route is commonly used to deliver the drugs at the targeted site and achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. The stratum corneum, the uppermost layer of the skin, presents a significant diffusional barrier for most drugs. Various nanoformulations face challenges such as limited drug absorption and inadequate retention at the targeted site, frequently hindering therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are increasingly exploring innovative strategies that leverage nanotechnology and specialized carriers to address these challenges and enhance the outcomes of dermal medications. A novel drug delivery system, bilosomes, has been designed as a potential vesicular carrier system for the dermal route. Bilosomes are colloidal, lipid-based vesicles stabilized with bile salts, offering greater stability during storage and transportation. The lipid bilayer of bilosomes imparts ultra-flexibility, facilitating penetration through the stratum corneum. This review explores the use of bilosomes in dermal formulations for treating diverse diseases, their developmental techniques, and characterization, and it sheds light on their advantages over traditional lipid nanocarriers.