Exploring the role of green intellectual capital and HRM: green innovation and environmental performance intensify competitive advantage

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to focus on Pakistan's food manufacturing enterprises and explore the knowledge and implications of green innovation, green intellectual capital (GIC) and green human resource management (GHRM) in achieving environmental performance and competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative approach, this research adopted a cross-sectional survey design to facilitate an objective and precise evaluation of the proposed relationships. The demographic comprised managers and supervisors from food manufacturing enterprises in Lahore, Pakistan. Through purposive sampling, 281 respondents were selected, ensuring representation from food enterprises.FindingsThis study explores that GIC is vital for implementing sustainable technologies in Pakistan's food sectors. GIC and human resource management are identified as accelerators for green innovation, potentially providing an enhanced environmental performance and competitive edge.Practical implicationsBy recognizing the potential of green practices as strategic resources, managers in the Pakistani food sector invest in fostering intangible resources and GIC. This approach leads to sustainable market dominance and efficient operations through continuous green innovation and effective stakeholder communication.Originality/valueThis research offers a consolidated view of the function of GIC in encouraging green innovations in Pakistan's food enterprises, emphasizing the importance of GHRM procedures and sustainable business methods. This study also provides insights into the strategic management of green projects from a managerial perspective, emphasizing the need for alignment with company strategy and stakeholder communication.