Hypoxic Preconditioning Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells

Background: Cell therapy, involving the transplantation of viable cells for therapeutic purposes, offers immense promise but faces challenges related to cell survival and functionality post-transplantation. Preconditioning strategies, particularly hypoxic preconditioning, have emerged as a means to enhance cell adaptability and resilience. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of hypoxic preconditioning on the survival and oxidative stress tolerance of nestin-expressing hair follicle stem cells (hHFSCs) and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, two crucial cell types for central nervous system therapies. The study also examined the relative expression of three key genes, HIF1 alpha, BDNF, and VEGF following hypoxic preconditioning. Materials and Methods: hHFSCs were isolated from human hair follicles, characterized, and subjected to hypoxia for up to 72 hours. SH-SY5Y cells were similarly preconditioned for up to 72 hours. Cell viability under hypoxic conditions and oxidative stress was assessed. The relative expression of key genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Results: hHFSCs exhibited remarkable resilience to hypoxic conditions, while SH-SY5Y cells displayed lower tolerance. Hypoxic preconditioning improved the viability of both cell types under oxidative stress. HIF1 alpha mRNA was significantly downregulated, and VEGF transcripts increased after preconditioning, suggesting adaptations to prolonged hypoxia. Conclusion: Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the survival and oxidative stress resilience of hHFSCs and SH-SY5Y cells, offering potential benefits for central nervous system cell therapy. The differential responses observed emphasize the need for tailored preconditioning strategies for specific cell types. These findings underscore the importance of hypoxic preconditioning and warrant further research into the underlying mechanisms, bringing us closer to effective neurological disorder treatments.