Topology optimization framework of multiple-phase materials with stress and dynamic constraints under self-weight loads

This work aims to optimize the multi-material structures subjected to self-weight loading for the first time. Ignoring the self-weight loads results in less reliable designs, and to enhance the strength of optimized designs, stress-constrained multi-material topology optimization (MMTO) is considered with body forces. Two stress constraint aggregation schemes are employed and comparable, such as the K-S and p-norm aggregation schemes. Both of these schemes are effective with respect to stress constraints due to local stress issues. Moreover, eigenvalue constraints (MMTO) are introduced in this study with self-weight loading and stress constraints. Thus, the optimized results not only ensure self-weight load criteria but also reduce stress concentration and improve stability due to free vibration of structures. The proposed approach is an alternating- active-phase algorithm (AAPA) for dealing with the problems considered in this work. Results show that the results caused by self-weight loads are totally different from optimized results when they are not considered with self-weight loads using multi-materials.