Frequency and pattern reconfigurable arrow shape patch antenna with a PIN diode

The proposed work presents the design of a frequency and pattern reconfigurable rectangular patch antenna. The antenna consists of a simple arrow shape patch, incorporating slits connected to the upper patch through a single PIN diode switch to enable frequency and pattern reconfiguration. The proposed antenna operates at multiple frequencies: 3.21 GHz, 4.0 GHz and 5.32 GHz with the capability to change the radiation pattern, including pattern tilts of +30 degrees to -30 degrees. The prototype antenna is fabricated, and its performance is validated through measurements, which show good agreement with simulated results. These design improvements and validations highlight the efficiency and versatility of the proposed antenna compared to existing designs.