Earth observation (EO) data are essential for monitoring and planning public policies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Despite significant public investments at the European level, the socio-economic impact on public administrations, especially local and regional authorities (LRAs), remains suboptimal. This limited adoption may hinder the enhancement of cities' and regions' capability to address climate change and sustainable development effectively. This article aims to (1) map the use of EO data and services by Italian LRAs, (2) investigate barriers to adoption and perceived benefits, and (3) identify influential factors and provide recommendations for adoption. A case study methodology was employed, focusing on Italian LRAs. A survey covering 37 variables across five categories was distributed. Data from 109 respondents indicated an EO data adoption rate of approximately 58%, with higher rates in North-East and Central Italy and among regions compared to cities. EO data are primarily used for land cover and urban planning, with significant applications in climate change management. While LRAs recognise benefits such as time and economic savings and monitoring efficacy, they face many barriers, including exogenous and endogenous factors. This paper delves into these barriers and recommends enhancing EO data adoption among LRAs.
