Safety of Advanced Combination Treatment With Selective JAK1 Inhibitors and Biological Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Real World Experience

This multicenter retrospective study examines 18 patients with difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel diseases who received advanced combination treatment (ACT) with selective JAK1 inhibitors and biologics, totaling 11.8 patient-years of exposure. Treatment was discontinued in three patients due to adverse events. At 3 months, 77.8% achieved steroid-free clinical remission. The infection incidence rate was 25.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 6.47-69.19), though the wide confidence interval limits conclusions on safety differences with monotherapy. These findings highlight the importance of preventive measures, careful patient selection, and rigorous monitoring to mitigate infection risks associated with ACT.