Evaluating the comprehensive water resources utilization level in China: Dynamic distribution analysis and spatial convergence insights

This research provides an overview of the comprehensive water resources utilization level (CWRULE) in China, highlighting its significance in national water management. The study aims to evaluate performance and trends in CWRULE across various regions. Employing methods such as the Dagum Gini coefficient, spatial kernel density estimation, and spatial convergence models, the analysis explores regional disparities, distribution dynamics, and convergence trends. Key findings indicate that while national water resources management has improved annually, significant disparities persist between the coastal eastern and central regions versus the western and northeastern regions, where CWRULE indicators remain relatively low. Notably, the convergence speed in the central, western, and northeastern regions increases significantly after controlling for variables, showcasing the beneficial impacts of policy support, economic development, and technological advancements. In contrast, the eastern region exhibits weak convergence, underscoring the necessity for targeted strategies to enhance water resources management and efficiency.