This study examines the combustion behavior and parameters of hybrid fuels prepared by adding 2.5 wt.% Fe nanoparticles to diesel fuel under electric field strengths of E = 0 V/m, 5 V/m, 6.7 V/m, and 10 V/m. The motivation for this research stems from the urgent need to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions in heat engines that rely on diesel fuel. In this context, addressing these challenges through the development of novel system approaches is crucial. Additionally, comprehensive investigation of non-traditional fuels plays a vital role in advancing sustainable energy solutions. With global energy demands increasing and environmental concerns intensifying, the need for more efficient combustion processes has become critical. This study explores how fuel additives and electric field applications can contribute to achieving these goals in an environmentally friendly manner. Focusing on the ionic effect on flame dynamics, key combustion parameters were assessed, including flame shape ratio (FShR), average burn rate constant (BRCA), average burning rate (BRA), average flame propagation speed (FPSA), flame spread rate (FSpR), combustion duration (tcomb), and Damk & ouml;hler number (Da). The results indicate that the strength and direction of the ionic effect significantly affect combustion behavior. Notably, Diesel/200(up arrow) exhibited the highest BRCA, whereas Diesel/100(up arrow) achieved the lowest extinction time; however, it did not reach the expected BRCA due to a lower FShR. In the Diesel + Fe group, Diesel + Fe/100(up arrow) achieved the maximum BRCA. This was due to increased flame dispersion and the influence of a strong ionic effect. Additionally, Diesel/100(up arrow) exhibited the highest, which was consistent with the ionic effect direction. Adding Fe nanoparticles improved combustion dynamics by increasing burn rates and flame propagation speeds, which optimizes energy conversion processes. Reverse ionic effect enhanced combustion processes, positively impacting fuel diffusion. Findings showed that Diesel/100(down arrow), influenced by negatively charged ions, displayed a notable reduction in BRA. This highlights the importance of understanding the complex interaction between ionic effect and combustion behavior, particularly under varying electric field conditions. The addition of 2.5% Fe nanoparticles substantially increased BRA in the diesel+Fe group, with Diesel+Fe/100(up arrow) recording the highest BRA. Furthermore, the addition of Fe particles led to an increase in FPSA, allowing Diesel+Fe to achieve the fastest flame spread rate (FSpR) under strong wind conditions. While Diesel/100(up arrow) showed the lowest Da value, Diesel+Fe/100(up arrow) reached the highest, indicating the pronounced effect of reverse polarity on Da.
