Analysis of the Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries

Background: Vitamin D is essential for calcium regulation and bone health, with growing evidence of its role in dental health, including the prevention of dental caries. Dental caries, a widespread condition, disproportionately affects populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor nutritional habits. This study investigates the association between vitamin D levels and the prevalence of dental caries, emphasizing its implications for public health. Methods: This study was conducted using data from 12,000 participants . Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into sufficiency, insufficiency, moderate deficiency, and severe deficiency. Dental health was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and untreated caries prevalence. Covariates such as SES, dietary sugar intake, and BMI were included. Statistical analyses involved logistic and Poisson regression models, adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. Results: Severe vitamin D deficiency ( 25 nmol/L) significantly increased the odds of untreated caries (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.64-2.33) compared to vitamin D sufficiency ( 75 nmol/L). Higher DMFT scores and untreated caries prevalence were observed in populations with lower SES, high BMI, and low parental education. The prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency was highest among individuals with higher education and income levels, highlighting disparities in nutritional and dental health. Conclusion: This study underscores the significant association between vitamin D deficiency and dental caries, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions to address nutritional and socioeconomic disparities. Promoting adequate vitamin D levels through dietary interventions and education could reduce caries prevalence and improve overall oral health outcomes. Future research should explore causal relationships and evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in diverse populations.