Evaluation of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in the preoperative staging of breast cancer: large-scale single center experience, update to 1005 cases

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of CEM in the preoperative staging of breast cancer in a large cohort of patients. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of preoperative staging CEM exams was conducted at our centre between June 2016 and June 2021. We evaluated cases where CEM influenced the type of surgery, necessitated additional biopsies or imaging, and identified additional lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and accuracy of CEM for the entire sample and each subgroup setting were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate analysis were performed. Results 991 women, mean age 61.3 years old [35-93], with 1005 malignant lesions were included. CEM led to additional imaging in 36.7% (364/991) women and to additional biopsies in 18.5% (183/991) women. CEM altered the initial surgical plan based on conventional imaging in 226 out of 991 patients (22.8%). CEM had a sensitivity in the whole population of 91.5% (204/223), specificity of 96.8% (757/782), PPV of 89.1% (204/229), NPV of 97.5% (757/776) and an accuracy of 95.6% (961/1005); the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.941. We found CEM better performed in patients with a low BPE level compared with a high BPE level (rho = 0.028861). We see that the presence of additional lesions at CEM was the only significant predictor in the model. Conclusion This study reaffirms the high diagnostic accuracy of CEM for preoperative breast cancer staging in a large patient cohort.