The bilateral cross communication in microbiota-gut-brain axis as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on neuroinflammation

The microbiota- gut-brain interaction is a fundamental aspect of the synergy between microbiota and host in accessing gut-brain signaling pathways to modulate brain function and behavior. The bilateral cross-communication, which might be direct or indirect, within the line of gut-brain axis is becoming a promising therapeutic target for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dysbiosis creates an imbalance in the abundance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microbiota species, and the microbiota species’ availability may vary based on the type of neurodegenerative diseases. The final outcome (i.e., dysbiosis) follows a similar approach, leading to a shift towards a pro-inflammatory state in the gut, increased gut permeability, and triggered peripheral inflammatory response consequently occurs. To fully exploit the impact of gut microbiota for therapeutic interventions in AD, scientific investigations help to understand the complex neuroinflammatory mechanisms in investigating the potential of modulating the gut microbiota for future therapies.