Undetected Cribriform and Intraductal Prostate Cancer at biopsy is associated with adverse outcomes

BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and cribriform pattern (Crib) of prostate cancer are increasingly recognized as independent prognosticators of poor outcome, both in prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our project is to assess the impact of false negative biopsies for these two characteristics on oncological outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent RP between January 2015 and December 2022 were included in the study. Predictors of Biochemical Failure were examined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS AND LIMATATION: Among the 836 patients who underwent RP, 233 (27.9%) had Crib, and 125 (15.0%) had IDC on prostate biopsy, with 71 (8.5%) patients having both IDC and Crib. Concerning IDC/Crib status at biopsy, 217 (26%) patients had a false-negative biopsy, 332 (39.7%) had a true-negative biopsy, 256 (30.6%) showed a true-positive biopsy, and 24 (3.7%) exhibited a false-positive biopsy, with respect to either pattern. When comparing false-negative, false-positive, true-negative and true-positive biopsies for IDC/Crib, we found that patients with a false-negative biopsy for IDC/Crib versus those with a true-negative biopsy for IDC/Crib disclosed a rate of advanced pathological stage (>= pT3) which was twice that of patients with a true-negative biopsy for IDC/Crib: 56.8% versus 28.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). On multivariate Cox analysis, log PSA before RP (hazard ratio [HR] 2.07, 95% CI 1.53-2.82; p < 0.001), a higher percentage of positive cores at biopsy ( >= 33%) (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07-2.63; p = 0.024), and false negative biopsy for IDC/Crib (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.41-3.25; p < 0.001), were each significantly associated with an increased risk of BCR. CONCLUSIONS: A false-negative biopsy for IDC/Crib is independently associated with higher risk of BCR and advanced pathological stage compared to a true negative biopsy.