Nowhere to hide: massive corals' mortality after cumulative heat stress in a putative climate change refugium

被引:0
|
作者
Cardoso, Fernando C. [1 ]
Carneiro, Ivan M. [1 ]
Castro, Guilherme M. [1 ]
Cardoso, Gabriel O. [1 ,2 ]
Shimada, Aline [1 ]
Pereira, Myllena S. [1 ]
Villela, Livia B. [1 ]
Salomon, Paulo S. [1 ]
Moura, Rodrigo L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Rio Janeiro, Inst Biol & Nucleo Rogerio Valle Prod Sustentavel, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[2] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Berlin, Germany
关键词
Coral growth; Coral bleaching; Coral morphometry; Structure-from-motion; Photophysiology; Southwestern Atlantic; REEF CORALS; IMPACTS; RESILIENCE; PLASTICITY; REGRESSION; FUTURE;
D O I
10.1007/s00338-024-02609-2
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
Coral reefs worldwide are under severe threat due to a combination of local stressors and escalating intensity and frequency of heatwaves, which lead to mass coral bleaching. Although turbid-zone reefs have been considered climate change refugia, their long-term responses to heatwaves remain poorly assessed. Additionally, the relationship between morphological variation and bleaching resistance within massive corals that often dominate turbid zones remains unclear. To address these two gaps, we conducted line-transect surveys during the 2016 and 2019 mass bleaching events (peak DHW 10.9 and 19.7 degrees C-weeks, respectively), estimated Symbiodiniaceae densities, and fate-tracked 79 colonies of the two massive coral species in Southwestern Atlantic's largest turbid-zone reefs using 3D photogrammetry and pulse-amplified modulated fluorometry. Fate-track sampling was performed 5 months before, during, and 5 and 24 months after the 2019 event. We found no association between morphology (colony sphericity and polyp area) and tissue mortality, either between or within species. Coral tissue area continued to decline for up to two years after the heatwave, challenging the Brazilian climate change refugia hypothesis and emphasizing the need for long-term monitoring to fully understand the consequences of bleaching events. Notably, tissue mortality was unrelated to bleaching prevalence, suggesting that the phased recovery of photophysiological parameters may be decoupled from longer-term coral health and survival. Recommendations to policy-makers and managers include prioritizing climate change mitigation and improving monitoring programs. Os recifes de coral de todo o mundo est & atilde;o gravemente amea & ccedil;ados pela combina & ccedil;& atilde;o de estressores locais e o aumento da intensidade e frequ & ecirc;ncia das ondas de calor, que levam ao branqueamento de corais em massa. Embora recifes de zonas turvas sejam considerados ref & uacute;gios clim & aacute;ticos, suas respostas de longo prazo & agrave;s ondas de calor permanecem mal avaliadas. Al & eacute;m disso, a rela & ccedil;& atilde;o entre a varia & ccedil;& atilde;o morfol & oacute;gica e a resist & ecirc;ncia ao branqueamento em corais massivos, que frequentemente dominam essas zonas turvas, ainda n & atilde;o est & aacute; clara. Para endere & ccedil;ar essas duas lacunas, realizamos levantamentos com transectos em linha durante os eventos de branqueamento em massa de 2016 e 2019 (pico de DHW em 10.9 e 19.7 degrees C-semanas, respectivamente), estimamos as densidades de Symbiodiniaceae e acompanhamos 79 col & ocirc;nias das duas esp & eacute;cies de corais massivos no maior complexo recifal de zonas turvas do Atl & acirc;ntico Sudoeste (Abrolhos), utilizando fotogrametria 3D e fluorimetria modulada por pulso amplificado. A amostragem foi realizada 5 meses antes, durante, e 5 e 24 meses ap & oacute;s o evento de 2019. N & atilde;o encontramos associa & ccedil;& atilde;o entre morfologia (esfericidade da col & ocirc;nia e & aacute;rea do p & oacute;lipo) e mortalidade tecidual, tanto entre quanto dentre as esp & eacute;cies. A & aacute;rea de tecido vivo diminuiu at & eacute; dois anos ap & oacute;s a onda de calor, desafiando a hip & oacute;tese do ref & uacute;gio clim & aacute;tico brasileiro, o que enfatiza a necessidade de monitoramento de longo prazo para entender plenamente as consequ & ecirc;ncias dos eventos de branqueamento. Notavelmente, a mortalidade tecidual n & atilde;o foi relacionada com a preval & ecirc;ncia de branqueamento, sugerindo que a recupera & ccedil;& atilde;o faseada da fotofisiologia possa estar dissociada da sa & uacute;de e sobreviv & ecirc;ncia a longo prazo. Recomenda & ccedil;& otilde;es para formuladores de pol & iacute;ticas e gestores incluem a prioriza & ccedil;& atilde;o da mitiga & ccedil;& atilde;o das mudan & ccedil;as clim & aacute;ticas e a melhoria dos programas de monitoramento.
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页码:321 / 337
页数:17
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