Submarine pipelines: Problems, solutions and options

This paper records an earlier presentation to the Geotechnical Group and covers only a brief introduction to submarine pipelines together with a description of some problems facing the designer, followed by their solution and options for construction. The paper is written with reference to pipelines for water and sewage - usually the sphere of public utilities and generally implying water depths less than 100 m. Emphasis is placed on steel pipelines and illustrations are given of two pipelines installed recently in Hong Kong by bottom pull.