Technological change is transforming manufacturing, the labor force, and the nature of work itself. As raw materials become less valuable, the value of intellectual resources is skyrocketing; and increasingly, research and development strategies are becoming crucial to industrial and national competitiveness. What does all this mean for the Third World? Although some of these trends are creating profound problems for developing countries, the author sees great potential for improvement in the form of smaller, more environmentally acceptable technologies, and improved use of communication systems.