In the paper and pulp industry, the problem of restoring the environmental balance involves the entire ecology. Ecology, in turn, is closely tied to the function of young, viable, vigorously growing forests. The resultant complexity runs through the various water and air pollution abatement programs used by the industry and the water and air purity standards established by government. Some growing cost- figures are shown, in the ever- escalating demands of a changing technology. Recent progress in effluent treatment facilities is briefly reviewed.