The Kidd concentrator is among the last of its kind built in North America. Multiple grinding line march into the distance. Row upon row of flotation cells stretch to the horizon. Lofty bays house imposing thickeners. By its design, the Kidd mill offers a peculiar brand of challenges. It was built built in the mid-1960s, shortly before the advent of very large comminution and flotation equipment. Today, a 12,600 tons-per-day mill would boast large autogenous or semi-autogenous grinding mills, 8-16-cubic meter cells, column cells, and outdoor thickeners. But in older mills, thousands of pieces of small equipment that accomplish the same task as today's larger equipment must be maintained and run efficiently.