Optimal cost design of semi-rigid, low-rise industrial frames

The paper presents an efficient computer-automated method for the optimum design of steel frameworks accounting for the behaviour of semi-rigid connections. A continuous-discrete optimization algorithm is applied to minimize the `cost' of the connections and members for the structure subject to constraints on stresses and displacements under specified design loads. An example is presented to illustrate the features of the design method. The results suggest that the proposed semi-rigid design method realistically accounts for connection behaviour and produces more appropriate member sizes than does the traditional fully rigid design method.