Three-dimensional porous Ti supported Ni/Sb Co-doped SnO2 anode for electrocatalytic production of ozone

Electrochemical ozone (O3) production (EOP) offers a promising green alternative for in situ generating high concentration, strongly oxidizing O3. However, its progress is hindered by low durability and poor Faradaic efficiency of the anodes. Herein, a nanosheet-structured nickel and antimony co-doped tin dioxide (Ni/Sb-SnO2) is directly grown on three-dimensional porous titanium (3D-PTi), achieving enhanced EOP performance. The 3D architecture and Ni/Sb co-doping synergistically improve both activity and stability, making it a highly efficient and durable EOP anode. The Ni/Sb-SnO2@3D-PTi anode achieved a Faradaic efficiency above 28 % with an energy consumption of 25.44 Wh g-1 at 20 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, surpassing other SnO2-based comparative anodes. It maintains excellent stability for over 25 h at 100 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the high-flow O3 generated in situ effectively removes 97 % of tetracycline within 2 h, with a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reduction of 66.1 %. This work demonstrates the strong potential of EOP-derived advanced oxidation processes for environmental remediation.