Advances in artificial immune systems

The advances of the artificial immune systems (AIS) and the increasing interest in the development of computational models inspired by several immunological principles are discussed. Some are building models with the same mechanism as biological immune systems (BIS) to better understand its natural processes and simulate it dynamical behavior in the presence of antigens/pathogens. Most of the AIS models emphasize designing artifacts-computational algorithms techniques using the simplified models of various immunological processes and functionality. AIS also try to extract ideas from the BIS in order to develop computational tools for solving science and engineering problems. The biological immune system is a complex adaptive system that has evolved in vertebrates to protect them from invading pathogens. On of the purpose of immune system is to recognize all cells within the body and categorize those cells as self or non-self.