Application and progress of 3D tumor models in breast cancer

Due to its high heterogeneity and significant impact on women's health globally, breast cancer necessitates robust preclinical models to understand tumor biology and guide personalized treatment strategies. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumor models hold immense promise in this regard. These tumor models not only mimic the spatial structure and growth environment of tumors in vivo, but also retain the pathological and genetic characteristics of solid tumors. This fidelity makes them powerful tools for accelerating advancements in fundamental research and translational medicine. The diversity, modularity, and efficacy of 3D tumor models are driving a biotechnological revolution. As these technologies become increasingly sophisticated, 3D tumor models are poised to become powerful weapons in the fight against breast cancer. This article expounds on the progress made in utilizing 3D tumor models for breast cancer research. The progress and application of 3D tumor models in breast cancer are described in this study. In precision and translational medicine, 3D tumor models are crucial tools for weighing the benefits and drawbacks of various model types. Xu and coworkers highlight that the application of 3D tumor models is covertly promoting experimental exploration of breast cancer and improving the survival of breast cancer patients.image