Two-Layer Heuristic Information-Driven Frequency Plan Design for Multi-Gateway Multi-Beam Satellite Systems

With the continuous development of multi-gateway multi-beam satellite communication technologies, the configurable frequency and beam resources in gateways and satellites are increasing rapidly. Thus, how to efficiently allocate satellite frequency bands to different beams has become a matter of great concern. This paper addresses the key issues in frequency plan design (FPD) for practical geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) high-throughput multi-gateway multi-beam satellite systems, particularly focusing on the challenges of bandwidth allocation and the constraints of co-frequency interference. Initial attempts with classic heuristic algorithms showed inadequate performance in terms of resource utilization and co-frequency interference management. To overcome these challenges, we propose a two-layer heuristic information-driven simulated annealing (THISA) algorithm, which combines beam spectrum allocation (BSA) in the first layer and interference bandwidth minimization (IBM) in the second layer to tackle the constrained FPD problem. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that THISA significantly reduces interference bandwidth and enhances resource utilization efficiency. Under the provided datasets, THISA achieves 100% frequency spectrum utilization, outperforming classic heuristic algorithms. The proposed THISA algorithm has been successfully applied in practical multi-gateway multi-beam satellite systems.