Energy and exergy efficiency evaluations of hydrogen-based fluidised bed ironmaking reactor

This paper analyses the energy and exergy efficiency of hydrogen-based fluidised bed (FB). The results indicate that the energy and exergy efficiencies of the single-stage FB are 35.16% and 27.45%, respectively, while those of the two-stage FB are 33.46% and 27.31%. Increasing the ratio of H2 injection can cause a substantial decrease in both energy and exergy efficiencies. Furthermore, exergy efficiency in both types of FB gradually rises with reaction temperature, while energy efficiency initially increases then declines, reaching a maximum at 1,023 K. Increasing N2 content leads to a gradual decrease in energy efficiency, with minimal impact on exergy efficiency. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.