Research on aerodynamic characteristics of high-velocity train bogies

The bogie is a critical component of high-velocity trains. As train velocity rises, the operational quality is increasingly influenced by aerodynamic forces. The aerodynamic characteristics of bogies significantly impact the safety of train operations. This article examines a real high-velocity train model, constructing a 3-group train model, and developing a mathematical model of high-velocity train operation on open lines. Using three-dimensional steady-state Navier–Stokes equations, the flow field characteristics, pressure spread, aerodynamic forces, and torque characteristics on the bogie and body of high-velocity locomotives operating at velocities of 200 km/h, 250 km/h, 300 km/h, and 350 km/h are calculated, with measurement spots set to study the trend of pressure variation with train velocity. The research findings indicate that pressure at the same location on the body surface rises with vehicle velocity, with a quadratic link between the two. The uneven pressure spread between two bogies of the same vehicle and between two axles of the same bogie indicates that aerodynamic forces can cause axle load transfer in high-velocity trains. The highest values of aerodynamic resistance and lift happen at the front bogie, and the resistance and lift of both a single carriage and the entire vehicle increase with velocity, following a quadratic relationship. The highest nodding torque of the train body occurs on one vehicle, while the highest nodding torque of the bogie occurs on the 6th bogie, with both torques increasing with velocity, also in a quadratic relationship.