Effects of exogenous signaling molecules on anaerobic sludge digestion: Quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance genes

Regulating quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules could improve wastewater treatment but might increase antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the effects of exogenous C6-HSL on anaerobic sludge under oxytetracycline stress, with a focus on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the QS response. The results revealed that exogenous oxytetracycline increased the copy number of ARGs by more than 68.8 %. It also facilitated a 3.04-fold increase in the concentration of signaling molecules and increased the abundance of QS genes. Further addition of the C6-HSL accelerated oxytetracycline degradation, and reduced its residual concentration by 70.9 %, alleviating oxytetracycline stress on microbial communities, and correspondingly reducing stress release from AHL by 75.4 %. Importantly, this did not exacerbate antibiotic resistance, with no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the ARG abundance. These findings may provide valuable insights into the relationship between QS process and antibiotic resistance.