In the context of increasingly fierce global competition, enterprises urgently need to improve the flexibility and efficiency of product design to cope with the rapid changes in market demand. This article aims to explore the optimization of product design methods for integrated hybrid manufacturing and supply chain strategies, providing reference for manufacturing enterprises to improve product development and production processes. The study summarized the current research status of integrated hybrid manufacturing systems and supply chain management, revealing their potential for integration in achieving efficient product design. This article proposes the overall design of a product rapid integration hybrid manufacturing system, clarifies market demand through requirement analysis, constructs the overall structure of the system, and develops a mathematical model for integrated scheduling. Finally, algorithm efficiency calculations are performed to ensure the efficiency and reliability of the system operation. This article elaborates on the process of modular design of products, the selection of module planning schemes, and the design of fitness functions, aiming to enhance the customizability of products and the flexibility of production. This article studies optimization strategies for product process design, proposes an effective product design optimization model, and combines product similarity retrieval and economic evaluation to help enterprises effectively reduce costs and enhance market competitiveness in new product design. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.