Synthesis and fabrication of proto-type microstrip patch antenna by using microwave dielectric ceramic nanocomposite material for C-band application

The microwave dielectric properties of Zn(1-x)TixAl2O4 (ZTA) ceramic nanomaterials were investigated with a focus towards their use as wireless antennas. The ZTA nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel technique at 700 °C for one hour. The inclusion of titanium decreased the nanomaterials' crystallite size and surface shape, which influenced their dielectric permittivity (εr). Based on the tested material and microwave antenna theory, ZTA was used to fabricate wireless patch antennas, which were then examined using a PNA series network analyzer. The measured results reveal that the return loss and impedance bandwidths of the antenna were −44.83 dB simulated and −34.88 dB measured, and 240 MHz for simulated and 220 MHz for measured, respectively. At 5.1 GHz operating frequency, the Zn0.94Ti0.06Al2O4-based patch antenna demonstrated an exceptional combination of return loss (-34.88 dB), compact size (9.3× 6.3 mm2), and broad bandwidth (220 MHz) as well as VSWR<2. Ultimately, the fabricated antenna showcases a gain of 4.24 decibels and a directivity of 5.97 decibels. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH