In situ treatment of contaminated soil using persulfate activated by sulfidated zero-valent iron

被引：2
|
作者：
Chung, Hyuk Sung [1 ]
Jeon, Daeun [2 ]
Hwang, Inseong [1 ]
机构：
[1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan,46241, Korea, Republic of
[2] National Institute of Chemical Safety, Hazard Management Division, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon,404-708, Korea, Republic of
来源：
Chemosphere | 2024年 / 366卷
关键词：
Soil contamination with hazardous substances like phenol poses significant environmental and health risks. In situ soil mixing can be a promising technological solution to this challenge. A persulfate and sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVIbm) system for remediating contaminated soil was developed and tested to be suited to in situ soil mixing. S-ZVIbm was synthesized using a ball mill process; and the optimal sulfur to iron molar ratio for effectively removing phenol from soil removal without pyrophoric risks was 0.12. Soil slurry experiments were performed; and the best phenol oxidation results (high stoichiometric efficiency and sustained oxidation after mixing) were achieved at a persulfate to S-ZVIbm molar ratio of 2:1 and a persulfate to phenol molar ratio of 8:1. A high organic matter content of the silty clay fraction of the soil strongly suppressed persulfate activation; so suppressed phenol removal and increased persulfate consumption. Electron spin resonance and radical scavenging tests confirmed that hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were present during the degradation of phenol. While sulfate radicals predominantly facilitated degradation in the soil; both sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were crucial in the aqueous phase in the absence of soil organic matter. In situ soil mixing simulation tests indicated that the persulfate and S-ZVIbm doses and the mixing rate and duration strongly affected the efficacy of the system; and the optimal conditions for phenol removal were determined. The results indicated that the persulfate/S-ZVIbm system could be tuned to achieve sustained persulfate activation and to remediate contaminated soil employing in situ soil mixing technique. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd;
D O I：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143440
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