Preparation and in vitro biological evaluation of multi-level surface porous titanium via two-step anodic oxidation

The two-step anodization treatment was employed to prepare multi-level surface porous titania layer by the anodic oxidation of pre-treated pure titanium in 2 mol/L CH3COOH electrolyte with step-galvanostatic mode and then in 1 mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte with potentiostatic mode. The surface morphology and structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The effect of the multi-level surface porous structure on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation abilities of MG63 cells was evaluated. The results show that the surface-porous bioactive titanium consisting of micro-scale craters overlaid with submicron pores can be prepared by the two-step anodic oxidation. Compared with sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surface, the cell experiments show that the anodized titanium surface with multi-level porous structure can effectively promote osteoblasts adhesion, spreading and proliferation. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.