Unlocking the role of biofuel energy consumption and democratic accountability on ecological sustainability in the United States: a quantile-based analysis

Energy is vital for economic growth, but it concurrently generates CO2, the primary driver of climate change and environmental degradation. This study investigates the impact of biofuel energy consumption on CO2 emissions in the United States. The study also considers the role of government stability, renewable energy, and democratic accountability. Utilizing data from 1990 to 2019, the empirical analysis employs advanced quantile-based methodologies, providing an all-inclusive insight into the interrelationships at various quantiles of the data distribution. The results from the analysis highlight that government stability, democratic accountability, economic growth, and biofuel energy consumption collectively contribute to environmental sustainability in the United States. Lastly, all the variables can significantly predict CO2 emissions across all quantiles. Based on these results, policies were formulated.