Two-stage Robust Location Approach for Solar-powered Bus-charging Infrastructure Integrated with Energy Storage

To promote the deep decarbonization of public transport, a feasible method is to deploy solar-powered bus-charging facilities integrated with energy storage (SBCFES) to reduce the charging cost and carbon emissions of public transport. First, the objective of the SBCFES location problem is proposed. Second, considering the effect of global climate change on the output of PV power-generation facilities in the near future, a budget uncertainty set is constructed for the PV power-generation output and a two-stage robust location model is proposed. The decisions in the first stage include the locations and types of charging stations (conventional charging depot and SBCFES). The decisions in the second stage involves the joint dispatching of PV power generation and energy storage. Finally, considering 17 bus lines in Beijing as an example, the performance of the constraint and column generation (C&CG) algorithm is tested, the structure of the optimal solution is investigated, and sensitivity analyses pertaining to solar-energy resource, the construction cost of PV power-generation facilities, and the on-grid recycling price are performed. Results of numerical examples show that the C&CG algorithm performs well. The SBCFES can significantly reduce the total cost, operating cost, and carbon emissions of the bus system. Compared with the construction cost of PV power-generation facilities, the model results are more sensitive to the change in solar-energy resource. The on-grid recycling price of PV power generation can significantly affect the economic and social benefits of photovoltaic power generation. © 2024 Chang'an University. All rights reserved.