Research Status and Progress of Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting Technology and Device Application

Firstly, the technology, principle and device characteristics of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting were introduced. The formation mechanism of elliptical orbit, the characteristics of each part of the device and its main application types and materials were discussed emphatically. The structure of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device mainly included four parts: ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic transducer, horn and cutter head. In ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, the high-frequency elliptical ultrasonic structures mainly included piezoelectric transducer, composite variable cross-section horn and polycrystalline diamond tool. Secondly, two methods of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting were introduced. One was to excite two groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks with electrical signals to generate two one-dimensional vibrations with phase difference. The other was to excite a group of piezoelectric ceramic laminates with electrical signals to generate one-dimensional vibration, which was induced into composite vibration under the action of special mode conversion horn. The research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the structural design of composite ultrasonic vibration devices such as longitudinal bending composite materials were analyzed. Under these two excitation modes, there were longitudinal torsional composite materials, composite double bending and bending torsional composite materials. It mainly included the design of ultrasonic transducer and horn structure, and also mentioned the research and development of the device in frequency degeneracy and other optimization. Based on four kinds of composite ultrasonic elliptical vibration devices, the machining advantages and application scope of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting and traditional machining in machining performance, workpiece surface quality and machining accuracy were compared, as well as the machining effects obtained by different ultrasonic vibration devices in various machining processes. It was pointed out that ultrasonic elliptical vibration machining had the advantages of reducing cutting force, cutting temperature, reducing surface roughness, delaying tool wear, promoting stable chip outflow and improving machining accuracy. Finally, the development trend of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device was summarized and prospected, and the shortcomings of the previous device research were summarized, such as the small stiffness of the transducer, the low mode conversion efficiency, and the inability to achieve the same frequency resonance, which could be used as a reference for subsequent research. It was pointed out that the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device had gradually expanded from the field of mechanical manufacturing to the field of biopharmaceutical and micro nano manufacturing, and might develop towards the field of binding energy in the future. © 2023 Chongqing Wujiu Periodicals Press. All rights reserved.