Social Enterprise Under Moral Hazard: Who Gets State Subsidies and Active Financing?

被引:0
|
作者
Lovas, Anita [1 ]
Berlinger, Edina [1 ,2 ]
Toth, Fanni [1 ]
机构
[1] Corvinus Univ Budapest, Inst Finance, Fovam Ter 8, H-1093 Budapest, Hungary
[2] Univ Luxembourg, Inst Finance, 2 Ave Univ, L-4365 Esch Sur Alzette, Luxembourg
来源
关键词
Social enterprise; State subsidy; Moral hazard; Contract theory; D21; G38; H32; H50; O38; FRUGAL INNOVATION; VENTURE; RISK;
D O I
10.1057/s41287-024-00656-7
中图分类号
F0 [经济学]; F1 [世界各国经济概况、经济史、经济地理]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号
0201 ; 020105 ; 03 ; 0303 ;
摘要
We develop a double-sided moral hazard model of social entrepreneurship and derive the optimal state subsidy. Then, we analyze the data of an EU-funded training and mentoring program aiming at preparing social entrepreneurs for private financing. Using content analysis techniques, we investigate the 203 applications for the program, the reviewers' evaluation, and the selection decision. Social enterprises produce private and public benefits, use market and non-market resources, and involve a wide range of stakeholders with different incentives. We examine why different projects can get active financing (financing plus advisory), or only passive financing (financing without advisory), or no financing at all. We identify five relevant selection criteria such as entrepreneurial net present value, entrepreneurial agency cost, advisory net present value, advisory agency cost, and the external effects of the project. Empirical findings are consistent with the theoretical model. Applicants with higher scores in business plan, social impact, and geographical scope were significantly more likely to be selected, especially if their activities required no domain-specific knowledge from the advisors. However, higher agency costs, reflected in too many business lines and early-stage operations, seem to reduce the chances significantly. We formulate a moral hazard model for social entrepreneurship with four simultaneously optimizing players: an entrepreneur, an investor, an advisor, and the state. With the help of our unique database, we get valuable insights into the financing decisions of a profit-seeking investor. Our findings can contribute to the improvement of the design of state-subsidized social entrepreneurship programs. Nous d & eacute;veloppons un mod & egrave;le d'al & eacute;a moral & agrave; double face de l'entrepreneuriat social et d & eacute;rivons la subvention optimale de l'& Eacute;tat. Ensuite, nous analysons les donn & eacute;es d'un programme de formation et de mentorat financ & eacute; par l'UE visant & agrave; pr & eacute;parer les entrepreneurs sociaux au financement priv & eacute;. En utilisant des techniques d'analyse de contenu, nous examinons les 203 demandes pour le programme, l'& eacute;valuation des examinateurs et la d & eacute;cision de s & eacute;lection. Les entreprises sociales produisent des avantages priv & eacute;s et publics, utilisent des ressources du march & eacute; et non marchandes, et impliquent un large & eacute;ventail de parties prenantes avec des incitations diff & eacute;rentes. Nous examinons pourquoi diff & eacute;rents projets peuvent obtenir un financement actif (financement plus conseil), seulement un financement passif (financement sans conseil), ou aucun financement du tout. Nous identifions cinq crit & egrave;res de s & eacute;lection pertinents tels que la valeur actuelle nette entrepreneuriale, le co & ucirc;t d'agence entrepreneurial, la valeur actuelle nette du conseil, le co & ucirc;t d'agence du conseil, et les effets externes du projet. Les r & eacute;sultats empiriques sont coh & eacute;rents avec le mod & egrave;le th & eacute;orique. Les candidats ayant obtenu des scores plus & eacute;lev & eacute;s en mati & egrave;re de plan d'affaires, d'impact social et de port & eacute;e g & eacute;ographique & eacute;taient nettement plus susceptibles d'& ecirc;tre s & eacute;lectionn & eacute;s, surtout si leurs activit & eacute;s ne n & eacute;cessitaient aucune connaissance sp & eacute;cifique du domaine de la part des conseillers. Cependant, des co & ucirc;ts d'agence plus & eacute;lev & eacute;s, refl & eacute;t & eacute;s par trop de lignes d'affaires et des op & eacute;rations en phase initiale, semblent r & eacute;duire significativement les chances. Nous formulons un mod & egrave;le d'al & eacute;a moral pour l'entrepreneuriat social avec quatre joueurs optimisant simultan & eacute;ment : un entrepreneur, un investisseur, un conseiller et l'& Eacute;tat. Avec l'aide de notre base de donn & eacute;es unique, nous obtenons des informations pr & eacute;cieuses sur les d & eacute;cisions de financement d'un investisseur & agrave; la recherche de profit. Nos r & eacute;sultats peuvent contribuer & agrave; l'am & eacute;lioration de la conception des programmes d'entrepreneuriat social subventionn & eacute;s par l'& Eacute;tat. Desarrollamos un modelo de doble riesgo moral de emprendimiento social y derivamos la subvenci & oacute;n estatal & oacute;ptima. Luego analizamos los datos de un programa de formaci & oacute;n y mentor & iacute;a financiado por la UE que tiene como objetivo preparar a los emprendedores sociales para la financiaci & oacute;n privada. Utilizando t & eacute;cnicas de an & aacute;lisis de contenido, investigamos las 203 solicitudes para el programa, la evaluaci & oacute;n de los revisores y la decisi & oacute;n de selecci & oacute;n. Las empresas sociales producen beneficios privados y p & uacute;blicos, utilizan recursos del mercado y otros, e involucran a una amplia gama de partes interesadas con diferentes incentivos. Examinamos por qu & eacute; diferentes proyectos pueden obtener financiaci & oacute;n activa (financiaci & oacute;n m & aacute;s asesoramiento), solo financiaci & oacute;n pasiva (financiaci & oacute;n sin asesoramiento), o ninguna financiaci & oacute;n en absoluto. Identificamos cinco criterios de selecci & oacute;n relevantes, como el valor presente neto empresarial, el costo de agencia empresarial, el valor presente neto de asesoramiento, el costo de agencia de asesoramiento y los efectos externos del proyecto. Los hallazgos emp & iacute;ricos son consistentes con el modelo te & oacute;rico. Los solicitantes con puntuaciones m & aacute;s altas en plan de negocios, impacto social y alcance geogr & aacute;fico ten & iacute;an muchas m & aacute;s probabilidades de ser seleccionados, especialmente si sus actividades no requer & iacute;an conocimientos espec & iacute;ficos del dominio por parte de los asesores. Sin embargo, los costos de agencia m & aacute;s altos, reflejados en demasiadas l & iacute;neas de negocio y operaciones en etapa temprana, parecen reducir significativamente las posibilidades. Formulamos un modelo de riesgo moral para el emprendimiento social con cuatro jugadores que optimizan simult & aacute;neamente: un emprendedor, un inversor, un asesor y el estado. Con la ayuda de nuestra base de datos & uacute;nica, obtenemos valiosos conocimientos sobre las decisiones de financiaci & oacute;n de un inversor que busca beneficios. Nuestros hallazgos pueden contribuir a la mejora del dise & ntilde;o de programas de emprendimiento social subvencionados por el estado.
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页码:55 / 78
页数:24
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