Formation of Inorganic Sulfate and Volatile Nonsulfated Products from Heterogeneous Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation of 2-Methyltetrol Sulfate Aerosols: Mechanisms and Atmospheric Implications

Chemical transformation of 2-methyltetrol sulfates (2-MTS), key isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constituents, through heterogeneous hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot) oxidation can result in the formation of previously unidentified atmospheric organosulfates (OSs). However, detected OSs cannot fully account for the sulfur content released from reacted 2-MTS, indicating the existence of sulfur in forms other than OSs such as inorganic sulfates. This work investigated the formation of inorganic sulfates through heterogeneous (OH)-O-center dot oxidation of 2-MTS aerosols. Remarkably, high yields of inorganic sulfates, defined as the moles of inorganic sulfates produced per mole of reacted 2-MTS, were observed in the range from 0.48 +/- 0.07 to 0.68 +/- 0.07. These could be explained by the production of sulfate (SO4 center dot-) and sulfite (SO3 center dot-) radicals through the cleavage of C-O(S) and (C)O-S bonds, followed by aerosol-phase reactions. Additionally, nonsulfated products resulting from bond cleavage were likely volatile and evaporated into the gas phase, as evidenced by the observed aerosol mass loss (<= 25%) and concurrent size reduction upon oxidation. This investigation highlights the significant transformation of sulfur from its organic to inorganic forms during the heterogeneous oxidation of 2-MTS aerosols, potentially influencing the physicochemical properties and environmental impacts of isoprene-derived SOAs.