Inhibitory effects of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. peel extracts and its bioactive constituent naringin on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line: Aphytochemical approach

Citrus fruits have been comprehensively utilized for their medical attributes. Outstandingly, a noteworthy fraction of chemotherapeutic drugs in skirmishing cancer originates from whole plant extracts, their specific molecules, or their synthetic analogs, integral to contemporary oncology approaches. The purpose of this investigation was to delineate the cytotoxic, antimigratory, anticlonogenic properties of peel extracts of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (C.maxima) against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. An enzymatic formazan-based assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) was conducted to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the C. maxima extract peel fraction and its flavanone naringin (NAR) on MCF-7 cell line. Cell migration suppression and colonogenic impact on breast cancer cell line in lieu of antibreast cancer effects were evaluated by scratch assay and colony formation assays. The outcome suggested that peel extracts of C.maxima and NAR effectively inhibited breast carcinoma cell proliferation. Subsequent treatment with relative half inhibitory doses, the viability of cells declined progressively over time. Furthermore, the extracts and NAR showed a significant inhibitory effect on the colony formation ability and cell migration. The examined crude peel extracts of C.maxima and its flavonoid NAR warrant further comprehensive investigations to completely unravel the precise mechanism of actions responsible for their anticancer activity as potential promising candidates for future breast cancer therapeutics.