Simple Summary The Medog region in southeastern Tibet harbors diverse wildlife, yet our understanding of these mammals' species diversity, distribution, and conservation status remains inadequate. To address this, a camera-trapping survey was conducted in Gedang, Medog, spanning from April 2023 to May 2024. The study revealed 25 mammalian species across five orders and 14 families, including Endangered and Vulnerable species. Notably, the Gongshan muntjac's underrepresentation in the IUCN was addressed, and new insights into the coexistence of Himalayan red pandas and Chinese red pandas were documented. The White-cheeked macaque, Gongshan muntjac, and Himalayan serow were frequently detected with high RAI. However, the high detection of domestic dogs, livestock, and human disturbances may pose threats to wildlife. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these mammals and maintain ecological balance in the region.Abstract The Medog in southeastern Tibet is home to a diverse range of wild animals. However, research on these mammals' species directories, distribution, and conservation status remains insufficient, despite their crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. The study carried out a camera-trapping survey to assess mammal biodiversity and the significance of mammal protection in their natural habitats in Gedang, Medog. Future directions and application prospects of the study for wildlife conservation in the southeastern Tibetan mountains were also discussed. The survey, spanning from April 2023 to May 2024, with 19,754 camera trap days, revealed 25 mammalian species across five orders and 14 families. Among these, four classified as Endangered, five as Vulnerable, two as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, nine were categorized as Critically Endangered or Endangered on the Red List of China's Vertebrates, and seven were China's national first-class key protected wildlife. The order Carnivora exhibited the highest diversity, comprising 12 species. Furthermore, the study filled the knowledge gap regarding the underrepresentation of Gongshan muntjac Muntiacus gongshanensis in IUCN and provided new insights into the recorded coexistence of the Himalayan red panda Ailurus fulgens and Chinese red panda Ailurus styani along the Yarlung Zangbo River for the first time, and also documented new upper elevation limits for four large to medium-sized species. Regarding the relative abundance indices (RAI) captured by camera traps, the most prevalent species identified was the White-cheeked macaque Macaca leucogenys, followed by the Gongshan muntjac and Himalayan serow Capricornis thar. The monitoring also captured a number of domestic dogs and livestock, as well as human disturbances. These findings underscore the importance of conserving these mammals and emphasize the need for conservation efforts to protect their habitats and reduce human activities that threaten their survival, thereby maintaining the ecological balance of the region. Additionally, the research highlighted Gedang's significance to global conservation efforts for mammalian diversity, providing essential data for effective wildlife conservation strategies.
