Transitioning of petroleum-based plastic food packaging to sustainable bio-based alternatives

Motivated by the urgent need to address environmental concerns associated with traditional food packaging, this review explores the shift towards sustainable, bio-based packaging solutions. It highlights the evolution of food packaging functions, emphasizing not only the basic roles but also the innovative methods developed to enhance food quality. The focus extends to well-researched bio-based plastics, particularly in promoting their mechanical properties. Additionally, the review explores the innovative use of plant-based and animal-based materials in creating sustainable packaging solutions. These materials have shown considerable promise in improving mechanical properties, prolonging shelf life, and providing antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits. A critical aspect of the review is the practical application of bio-based biodegradable materials in the food packaging industry. Despite significant theoretical advancements, there remains a gap in understanding how these materials can be effectively utilized in real-world scenarios. Motivated by the urgent need to address environmental concerns associated with traditional food packaging, this review explores the shift towards sustainable, bio-based packaging solutions.