Illustrating a Jewish Life: Portrait Photography, Biography and the Creation of a Jewish Public Sphere

Portrait photography is a fixed element in the history of German Jewry. This article asks what we can learn about a Jewish biography like that of the German-Jewish writer Sammy Gronemann by seeking to follow his life's trajectories through the images he and others created of him and the appearances he coined. It argues that photography not only represented but also actively shaped his work as a writer and a Zionist politician and that it influenced the worlds he inhabited. It does so by situating Gronemann, the German Jew, in the history of German portrait photography, Gronemann, the Western Zionist, in the history of international Zionist image politics and Gronemann, the writer in the history of the creation of a visible cultural scene in the Yishuv and later Israel. Pondering Gronemann's relationship with visual arts offers insights into the ways public visibility shaped German-Jewish realities both in Europe and in Palestine, both before and after the foundation of the State of Israel.