Interdependence and coordination challenges: EV charging infrastructure and carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta

The ambition towards net-zero emission fuels the significance of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) as a strategic asset. Yet, a conspicuous gap remains in the comprehensive quantitative analysis of its impact on carbon emissions stemming from fossil fuel combustion, referred to as ODIAC-CE. This study embarks on a longitudinal comparison of EVCI and ODIAC-CE data in 2018 and 2020, further classifying cities by scale to analyze the association between expansion of EVCI and ODIAC-CE change. Utilizing a battery of analytical tools, including correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation, and coupling coordination analysis, the study dissects the evolving relationship between EVCI and ODIAC-CE within Yangtze River Delta in China. The results underscore a growing interdependence between EVCI expansion and ODIAC-CE change, yet pronounced heterogeneities in coupling coordination are evident across urban scales. Megacity and supercity exhibit quality coordination between rapid expansion of EVCI and ODIAC-CE dynamics. However, in most large, medium-sized, and small cities, the impact of EVCI growth on ODIAC-CE change has proven to be inconsistent or mismatched, affected by various factors such as location and infrastructure, industrial and technological patterns, and social practice and awareness. The study provides systematic insights into potential solutions for decarbonization through EVCI deployment at regional and city levels.