Modeling the resilience of liner shipping network under cascading effects: Considering distance constraints and transportation time

The Liner Shipping Network (LSN) is a crucial component of the maritime supply chain (MSC) but remains susceptible to disruptions caused by natural disasters or emergencies, given its intricate structure and high level of interdependence. In this study, we present a novel cascading failure model that accounts for the heterogeneity of distances and transportation times between nodes, coupled with actual shipping lines. This comprehensive approach aims to thoroughly evaluate the resilience of the LSN. The study's results reveal noteworthy variations in the cascading effects across diverse load distribution distances and transportation times. Furthermore, it delves into load distribution strategies to improve the resilience of the LSN and investigates the impact of capacity parameters on cascading effects. The results indicate that the distribution strategy proposed in this paper, integrating transportation time and redundancy levels, effectively suppresses the spread of cascading faults and improves network resilience. The outcomes of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of strategies for enhancing resilience and managing risks in shipping networks, providing valuable insights for management and decision-making in maritime operations.