Peroneal Nerve Entrapment in Diabetes Mellitus

This narrative mini-review discusses the association between peroneal nerve entrapment (PEN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Generally, PEN is not a common cause of peripheral neuropathy in DM. Poor glycaemic control and DM duration are powerful risk factors for PEN. Underlying mechanisms involve neurodegeneration and entrapment of the peroneal nerve. Patients tend to present with chronic leg pain, gradual foot drop, steppage gait, or weakness of ankle dorsiflexion. Electrodiagnostic and imaging studies are very useful in diagnosis to determine the level at which entrapment occurs. Treatment varies based on the aetiology and severity of symptoms. It is initially conservative. Surgical nerve decompression management is required when entrapment is refractory to non-operative options.