Hydrogen production techniques and use of hydrogen in internal combustion engine: A comprehensive review

The development of new energy sources to change or lessen the use of conventional nonrenewable energy is also driven by the growing concern over pollution from internal combustion engines. In this situation, it is discovered that using hydrogen in internal combustion engines offer a possible solution to these problems. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of hydrogen for internal combustion engines (ICEs) are called out. There are several hydrogen production techniques are discussed as water electrolysis (solar & wind energy), gasification of biomass, coal gasification, methanol and ammonia decomposition, steam reforming process and photochemical splitting of water. The majority of research found that hydrogen enrichment fuels significantly improved engine performance in terms of thermal efficiency, energy consumption, and fuel consumption. Furthermore, given suitable operating circumstances, both spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines can achieve declines in exhaust pollutants such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx, smoke, and soot, and also summarize the utilization of hydrogen in the SI and CI engines aided improvements in engine performance and exhaust emissions under appropriate operating conditions. An assessment of various fuel induction techniques (fuel carburation, port fuel injection and direct injection) and the paybacks of using the synergies of particular solutions is offered, as well as an overview of the use of hydrogen as an internal combustion fuel, covering operations in both SI and CI engines. The objective of this study is to deliver a comprehensive review related to the hydrogen production techniques, the effect on performance and emissions of hydrogen addition as a fuel and injection techniques in a spark ignition and compression ignition engine, and future challenges have been discussed in this article.