Balancing work and family life during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring within and between group differences across time, gender, and worksites

This multi-wave survey was conducted at a Norwegian insurance company before (Time 0: N = 568) and during (Time 1: N = 558/Time 2: N = 601) the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly twice as many employees agreed or highly agreed that it was harder to balance home life and work during the pandemic than before. No gender differences were found in work-home balance, meaning this applied to both men and women. However, a two-factor structure of the interaction showed higher levels of work-to-home conflict, but not work-to-home enrichment, among women during the pandemic. A repeated measure MANOVA suggested no interaction effects between gender and worksite. A non-significant effect of time suggested that work-to-home conflict and work-to-home enrichment were stable during the pandemic. Although the generalizability of these findings is limited to a WEIRD sample in one Norwegian company, gender differences found in work-to-home conflict and stability found in the work-home interaction might have implications for theory and practices beyond the present study. By exploring stability and change in the work-home interaction during a societal crisis, this study adds to the knowledge of occupational health psychology, with future relevance as work and home boundaries become increasingly blurred.