Remagnetization of magnetite-bearing rocks in the Eastern Qiangtang Terrane, Tibetan Plateau (China): Mechanism and diagnosis

Remagnetization is a common yet notorious phenomenon that interferes with paleogeographic reconstruction. Classical paleomagnetic field tests are helpful in detecting remagnetization but their diagnostic power is limited: remagnetization may occur before folding, the tilting age may be ambiguous, or protracted remagnetization may yield dual polarities. Rock magnetic information can provide other constraints on our understanding of the origin of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). Here we focus on the rock magnetic properties of acknowledged remagnetized limestones and unremagnetized rocks of the Zaduo area in the Eastern Qiangtang Terrane, Tibetan Plateau (China). Chemical remanent magnetization is suggested as a more frequent mechanism than the thermoviscous resetting of the NRM. The secondary NRM resides in authigenic magnetite of stable single domain and superparamagnetic (SP) size which grew during post-depositional burial processes. Both high-field and low-field thermomagnetic runs reveal the alteration of existing iron sulfides to magnetite in the remagnetized limestones. NRM decay curves show that the maximum unblocking temperature of the remagnetized samples is significantly lower than that of the unremagnetized samples. Component analysis of acquisition curves of the isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) reveals a hard component that represents SP magnetite in remagnetized limestones. This component is absent in unremagnetized rocks. End-member modelling reveals a convex curve in the coefficient of determination versus the number of end-members plot for the unremagnetized limestones, whereas the remagnetized rocks exhibit both near-linear and convex shapes. In addition, quantitative analysis of the hysteresis loop shape for different lithologies indicates its validity in detecting remagnetization. Furthermore, we show the differences in the hysteresis data distributions of the two rock types on the Day plot, the Ne<acute accent>el diagram, the Borradaile diagram, and the Fabian diagram. Our research emphasizes that rock magnetic properties can serve as tools to diagnose remagnetization in magnetite-dominated rocks. We recommend a comprehensive rock magnetic study to discriminate remagnetization, involving the Day plot, Fabian diagram, thermal demagnetization curves, IRM component analysis and end member modelling.