Reviews on the power management for shipboard energy storage systems

Under increasingly severe emission restrictions in the shipbuilding industry, integrated power systems are coming to the fore as an increasingly popular alternative solution. However, improving irregular power profiles of the shipboard microgrid can be highly challenging due to the distributed power resources and multi-scenario loads involved. To guarantee the "green, safe and sustainable future"of the shipping industry, large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) integration has been identified as an effective solution for improving the operating flexibility and reliability of the shipboard microgrid and reducing environmental impacts. However, this paper found that uncertain marine environmental disturbances will protrude state coupling characteristics of ESSs, bringing more uncertain operating states than land-based applications. Therefore, the corresponding uncertain navigation conditions tightly couple the conventional loads allocating with ESS management and make the shipboard microgrids a complex power-transport and information-transport nexus. In this paper, voltage issues of the shipboard microgrid are comprehensively summarized, and a power control model of the shipboard microgrid is mathematically modeled to formulate irregular power profiles. Then, the impact of uncertain marine environmental disturbances on ESSs is discussed for the first time, thereby proposing a preliminary state coupling model of ESS based on our battery test experiment of six months. Finally, the formulated model is analytically reviewed according to different power control approaches, and a novel adaptive power allocation scheme is proposed to account for two major issue of resources and loads coupling characteristics and ESS states coupling characteristics, which can superior deal with non-periodic and irregular power flows and shipboard ESS dynamics. Future research directions are discussed regarding high-precision power control models of ESSs and integrated shipboard cyber-physical controller systems.