Investigations into 4D printed PLA/graphite composite with thermal induced shape memory effect

PurposeThe paper aims to fabricate shape memory composites using polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and graphite. Shape memory polymers are a promising family of materials for biomedical applications because of their favourable mechanical properties, fast reactions and good biocompatibility. For most SMPs, however, achieving controllable sequential shape change is challenging.Design/methodology/approachIn the present work, 4D printing technology is used to fabricate shape memory composites using polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and graphite. A comparative study of pure PLA and graphite's different weight % composition has been done.FindingsBy carefully managing the deformation state, PLA with graphite shape memory composites produced controllable sequential deformation with an amazing shape memory effect. Surface morphology, thermal properties, melt flow index and shape recovery tests have all been carried out to assess the qualities of manufactured samples.Originality/valueThis is a one-of-a-kind to fabricate shape memory composites using graphite and a PLA matrix. Thus, this research attempts to deliver the possible use of PLA/graphite composites fabricated using 4D printing in robotics and biomedical devices.