Evaluation of Sleep Quality Among People Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taif, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels, which are highly associated with poor sleep quality, cardiovascular disease, and pathological changes. This research examines the relationship between sleep quality and T2DM and compares it with nondiabetics within the Taif community. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights and recommendations to enhance the overall health quality in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 547 patients with T2DM between December 1, 2023, and April 1, 2024, in Taif. The sleep quality was assessed using the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ). Data were collected using an online questionnaire with two parts: primary demographic data and an assessment of sleep quality using the SQQ. Results: Our study enrolled 814 participants, including 547 with T2DM and 267 nondiabetics. Participants with T2DM had poorer sleep quality, with a median score of 21 vs. 25 (P < 0.001). Significant factors affecting sleep quality included gender (P = 0.002), marital status (P = 0.023), and job status (P = 0.023). Nondiabetics had better sleep quality (76%) than participants with T2DM (61.1%). Males, married, and employed individuals reported higher sleep quality scores. Conclusions: Research indicates that individuals with T2DM experience lower sleep quality than the general population, particularly among female, unmarried, and unemployed individuals. To enhance sleep quality in patients with T2DM, it is essential to increase awareness, provide education on proper sleep habits, and highlight the importance of effective diabetes management, screening for sleep disorders, and consistent monitoring.