Cascading failure modelling in global container shipping network using mass vessel trajectory data

Port plays a key role in maintaining traffic flows and the effectiveness of global maritime logistics. However, the vulnerability of the Global Container Shipping Network (GCSN) is likely to increase when a single port interruption entails failures in cascading when ports encounter situations like congestions, labor strikes or natural disasters. Such situations require the deployment of port protection measures and adjustments of shipping schedules. This paper introduces a cascading model, which employs extensive and worldwide vessel trajectory data to comprehensively analyze the occurrence of cascading failures within a GCSN. The principles behind the cascading failure model are that port failures are simulated and the maritime traffic is redistributed and equilibrated to other routes and ports. A Motter-Lai overload model is applied, complemented by a three-level balanced redistribution of the traffic flows according to the specific roles of the disrupted ports. Overall, this favors the analysis of the GCSN's vulnerability, reliability, potential risks, and possible impacts. It enables maritime authorities and decision-makers to optimize service routes and mitigate the GCSN's vulnerability.