Spice authentication by near-infrared spectroscopy: Current advances, limitations, and future perspectives

Background: The global spice industry, recognized for its aromatic profiles and culinary significance, is susceptible to issues of adulteration, mislabeling, and contamination. These practices compromise the integrity of spice products, undermining consumer trust and jeopardizing the economic interests of legitimate stakeholders. Scope and approach: This paper explores the application of Near -Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), a rapid, nondestructive, and multi -component analysis technique, in verifying the authenticity of spices, detection of adulteration and identification of their geographical origin. We discuss the operation of NIR spectroscopic systems, the role of preprocessing techniques in data analysis, and the use of multivariate analysis techniques in extracting meaningful information from complex spice datasets. Key findings: Recent advancements in NIRS technology, including spectral imaging and the development of portable devices, have significantly enhanced its precision and versatility in spice authentication. The rise of portable NIRS devices has revolutionized the field, offering the potential for on -site, real-time analysis. Conclusions: The effective application of NIRS in spice authentication requires careful system design and data analysis. The rise of portable NIRS devices has further revolutionized the field. However, the effective application of NIRS in spice authentication requires careful system design and data analysis, through ongoing research and development in this area.